ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES: Urinary tract infections are the most common cause of hospital-acquired infections, and the use of indwelling urinary catheters is a predisposing factor for their development. The aims of this study were to estimate the frequency of pre and postoperative bacteriuria, identify the microorganisms involved, count the colony-forming units, determine the antibiotic sensitivity profile and compare the results from pre and postoperative urinalyses among women undergoing gynecological surgery with implantation of a urinary catheter. DESIGN AND SETTING: Non-controlled prospective observational single-cohort epidemiological study carried out at a university hospital. METHODS: Urine samples were collected before and 24 hours after catheterization for urinalysis, culturing and antibiotic sensitivity testing. Pre and postoperative urinalyses were compared using Wilcoxon and McNemar non-parametric tests. RESULTS: Fifty-one women participated in the study. Escherichia coligrew in six preoperative samples (11.8%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae in one (1.9%), but bacterial growth did not occur in any postoperative sample. Urinalysis showed lower number of pus cells in the postoperative urine samples (P < 0.05). There were no differences in red blood cell counts or in the nitrite and leukocyte esterase tests, between the samples. CONCLUSION: Bacteriuria was found in 13.7% of the preoperative samples. Gram-negative bacteria sensitive to most antibiotics were identified. In the postoperative samples, no bacterial growth was observed. Urinalysis only showed significant reduction of leukocyturia in the postoperative period.
RESUMO CONTEXTO E OBJETIVOS: As infecções urinárias são a causa mais comum de infecções hospitalares, e o uso de cateteres de demora é fator predisponente para o seu desenvolvimento. Os objetivos deste estudo foram estimar a frequência de bacteriúria pré e pós-operatória, identificar os germes encontrados, a contagem de unidades formadoras de colônias e o perfil de sensibilidade aos antibióticos, além de comparar os resultados dos exames de urina pré- e pós-operatórios em mulheres submetidas a cirurgias ginecológicas com cateterismo vesical. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo epidemiológico, observacional, de coorte única, prospectivo, não controlado, realizado em hospital universitário. MÉTODOS: Amostras de urina foram colhidas antes da cateterização e após 24 horas para urinálise, cultura e antibiograma. Os resultados da urinálise no pré- e pós-operatório foram comparados utilizando-se os testes não paramétricos de Wilcoxon e McNemar. RESULTADOS: Participaram do estudo 51 mulheres. Houve crescimento de Escherichia coli em seis amostras pré-operatórias (11,8%) e deKlebsiella pneumoniae em uma (1,9%), mas não houve crescimento bacteriano em nenhuma amostra pós-operatória. A urinálise mostrou menor quantidade de piócitos na amostra de urina pós-cirúrgica (P < 0,05). Não houve diferença quanto ao número de hemácias e às reações para nitrito e leucocitesterase, entre as amostras. CONCLUSÃO: Houve bacteriúria em 13,7% das amostras pré-operatórias, sendo identificadas bactérias Gram-negativas sensíveis à maioria dos antibióticos. Não foi observado crescimento bacteriano nas amostras pós-operatórias. A urinálise mostrou somente redução significativa da leucocitúria no pós-operatório.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/methods , Bacteriuria/microbiology , Bacteriuria/prevention & control , Gynecologic Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Urinary Catheterization/adverse effects , Urinary Catheters/adverse effects , Colony Count, Microbial , Cross Infection/microbiology , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Klebsiella/isolation & purification , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Postoperative Period , Preoperative Period , Prospective Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Time Factors , UrinalysisABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Acinetobacter spp. have emerged as notorious pathogens involved in healthcareassociated infections. Carbapenems are important antimicrobial agents for treating infections due to multidrug resistant Acinetobacter spp. Different mechanisms may confer resistance to these drugs in the genus, particularly production of class D carbapenemases. OXA-23-like family has been pointed out as one of the predominant carbapenamases among Acinetobacter. The present work aimed to investigate the occurrence of OXA-23-like carbapenemases among Acinetobacter isolates recovered from patients of a university hospital in Niterói, RJ, Brazil. METHODS: Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were determined by disk-diffusion. Imipenem resistant isolates were submitted to Modified Hodge Test in order to screen for carbapenemase production, and later to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to investigate the presence of blaOXA-23. RESULTS: Imipenem and meropenem resistance rates were 71.4% and 69.7%, respectively. The Modified Hodge Test revealed carbapenemase production among 76 (89.4%) of the 85 imipenem resistant isolates analyzed; according to PCR results, 81 isolates (95.4%) carried the blaOXA-23 gene. CONCLUSIONS: OXA-23-like enzymes may be an important mechanism of carbapenem resistance among isolates present in the hospital studied.
Subject(s)
Humans , Acinetobacter/enzymology , beta-Lactamases/analysis , Acinetobacter/drug effects , Acinetobacter/isolation & purification , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Brazil , Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Hospitals, University , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Polymerase Chain Reaction , beta-Lactamases/geneticsSubject(s)
Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Brazil , Bacteremia/microbiology , Cross Infection , Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests , Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification , Gram-Positive Bacteria/isolation & purification , Hospitals, Private , Hospitals, PublicABSTRACT
Relatamos o caso de um paciente com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica e bronquiectasias, em uso crônico de corticosteróides, que desenvolveu nocardiose pulmonar, sob a forma de múltiplos nódulos pulmonares escavados. Os sintomas principais foram a tosse produtiva com escarro purulento, febre e dispnéia A radiografia simples e a tomografia computadorizada do tórax mostravam nódulos em ambos os pulmões, alguns escavados. O exame direto de escarro e a cultura mostraram a presença de Nocardia spp. A paciente foi tratada com imipenem e cilastatina, com excelente resposta clínica.
We report the case of a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchiectasis, chronically using corticosteroids, who acquired pulmonary nocardiosis, which presented as multiple cavitated nodules. The principal symptoms were fever, dyspnea and productive cough with purulent sputum. Chest X-ray and computed tomography of the chest revealed nodules, some of which were cavitated, in both lungs. Sputum smear microscopy and culture revealed the presence of Nocardia spp. The patient was treated with imipenem and cilastatin, which produced an excellent clinical response.